开发 Java 后端 Java - 集合 Melody 2024-01-01 2024-01-03 Java - 集合 1. ArrayList 1.1 ArrayList的成员方法 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 public boolean add (E e) public void add (int index,E element) public E get (int index) public int size () public E remove (int index) public boolean remove (Object o) public E set (int index,E element)
1.2 ArrayList的基本操作 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 public class ArrayListDemo01 { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList <>(); boolean flag = list.add("one" ); list.add("two" ); list.add("three" ); list.add("four" ); list.add("five" ); list.add("six" ); System.out.println(flag); String removed = list.remove(0 ); System.out.println(removed); list.set(2 , "flag" ); System.out.println(list); String result = list.get(4 ); System.out.println(result); for (int i = 0 ; i < list.size(); i++) { System.out.println(list.get(i)); } } }
2 案例 需求: 定义一个集合,添加字符串,并再进行遍历 遍历参照格式: [元素1,元素2,元素3]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 public class ArrayListTopic1 { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList <>(); list.add("1" ); list.add("2" ); list.add("3" ); list.add("4" ); StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner ("," , "[" , "]" ); for (int i = 0 ; i < list.size(); i++) { joiner.add(list.get(i)); } System.out.println(joiner); } }
需求: 定义一个集合,添加整数,并再进行遍历 遍历参照格式: [元素1,元素2,元素3]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 public class ArrayListTopic2 { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList <>(); list.add(1 ); list.add(2 ); list.add(3 ); list.add(4 ); System.out.print("[" ); for (int i = 0 ; i < list.size(); i++) { if (i == list.size() - 1 ) { System.out.print(list.get(i)); } else { System.out.print(list.get(i) + "," ); } } System.out.print("]" ); } }
需求: 定义一个集合,添加一些学生对象再进行遍历,并再进行遍历 学生属性为:姓名、年龄
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 public class ArrayListTopic3 { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList <>(); students.add(new Student ("张三" , 17 )); students.add(new Student ("李四" , 20 )); for (int i = 0 ; i < students.size(); i++) { System.out.println(students.get(i).getName() + " " + students.get(i).getAge()); } } }
需求: 定义一个集合,添加一些学生对象再进行遍历,并再进行遍历 学生属性为:姓名、年龄 数据来源通过键盘录入
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 public class ArrayListTopic4 { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList <>(); Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); int count = 1 ; String name = "" ; int age = 0 ; while (true ) { System.out.println("输入名字" ); name = sc.next(); System.out.println("输入年龄" ); age = sc.nextInt(); students.add(new Student (name, age)); if (count == 3 ) { break ; } count++; } for (int i = 0 ; i < students.size(); i++) { System.out.println(students.get(i).getName() + " " + students.get(i).getAge()); } } }
需求: 定义一个集合,添加一些用户对象 用户对象的属性为:id,username,password 要求: 定义一个方法,根据id查找对应的用户信息 如果存在 返回 true 不存在返回false
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 public class ArrayListTopic5 { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<User> users = new ArrayList <>(); users.add(new User (1 , "张三" , "123456" )); users.add(new User (2 , "李四" , "123456" )); users.add(new User (3 , "王五" , "123456" )); users.add(new User (4 , "赵六" , "123456" )); boolean flag = selectById(users, 1 ); if (flag) { System.out.println("用户存在" ); } else { System.out.println("用户不存在" ); } } public static boolean selectById (ArrayList<User> users, int id) { for (int i = 0 ; i < users.size(); i++) { if (users.get(i).getId().equals(id)) { return true ; } } return false ; } }
需求: 定义一个JavaBean类:Phone 手机对象的属性为:品牌 价格 main方法中定义一个集合,存入三个手机对象 分别为 小米 1000 苹果 7000 华为 2999 定义一个方法将价格低于3000的手机信息进行返回
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 public class ArrayListTopic6 { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<Phone> phones = new ArrayList <>(); phones.add(new Phone ("小米" , 1000 )); phones.add(new Phone ("华为" , 2999 )); phones.add(new Phone ("苹果" , 7000 )); ArrayList<Phone> result = verify(phones); for (int i = 0 ; i < result.size(); i++) { Integer price = result.get(i).getPrice(); String brand = result.get(i).getBrand(); System.out.println(brand + " " + price); } } public static ArrayList<Phone> verify (ArrayList<Phone> list) { ArrayList<Phone> phones = new ArrayList <>(); for (int i = 0 ; i < list.size(); i++) { if (list.get(i).getPrice() < 3000 ) { phones.add(list.get(i)); } } return phones; } }
学生管理系统 需求: 采取控制台的方式去书写学生管理系统。
初始菜单: "-------------欢迎来到学生管理系统----------------"
"1:添加学生"
"2:删除学生"
"3:修改学生"
"4:查询学生"
"5:退出"
"请输入您的选择:"
学生类:
添加功能:
键盘录入每一个学生信息并添加,需要满足以下要求: id唯一
删除功能: 键盘录入要删除的学生id,需要满足以下要求:
id存在删除
id不存在,需要提示不存在,并回到初始菜单
修改功能: 键盘录入要修改的学生id,需要满足以下要求
id存在,继续录入其他信息
id不存在,需要提示不存在,并回到初始菜单
查询功能: 打印所有的学生信息,需要满足以下要求
如果没有学生信息,提示:当前无学生信息,请添加后再查询
如果有学生信息,需要按照以下格式输出。(不用过于纠结对齐的问题) id 姓名 年龄 家庭住址 001 张三 23 南京
002 李四 24 北京 003 王五 25 广州 004 赵六 26 深圳
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 package cn.edu.wic.Demo3.pojo;public class Student { private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; private String address; public Student () { } public Student (Integer id, String name, Integer age, String address) { this .id = id; this .name = name; this .age = age; this .address = address; } public Integer getId () { return id; } public void setId (Integer id) { this .id = id; } public String getName () { return name; } public void setName (String name) { this .name = name; } public Integer getAge () { return age; } public void setAge (Integer age) { this .age = age; } public String getAddress () { return address; } public void setAddress (String address) { this .address = address; } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 package cn.edu.wic.Demo3;import cn.edu.wic.Demo3.pojo.Student;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Scanner;public class studentMangerMain { public static void main (String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList <>(); flag: while (true ) { System.out.println("----------欢迎来到学生管理系统----------" ); System.out.println("1:添加学生" ); System.out.println("2:删除学生" ); System.out.println("3:修改学生" ); System.out.println("4:查询学生" ); System.out.println("5:退出" ); System.out.println("请输入您的选择:" ); int choose = sc.nextInt(); if (choose > 0 && choose < 6 ) { switch (choose) { case 1 : add(list); break ; case 2 : delete(list); break ; case 3 : update(list); break ; case 4 : queryStudent(list); break ; case 5 : System.out.println("退出" ); break flag; default : System.out.println("输入值有误" ); break ; } } } } public static void add (ArrayList<Student> list) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); while (true ) { System.out.println("输入用户ID" ); int id = sc.nextInt(); if (!verify(list, id)) { System.out.println("输入姓名" ); String name = sc.next(); System.out.println("输入年龄" ); int age = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println("输入地址" ); String address = sc.next(); list.add(new Student (id, name, age, address)); System.out.println("添加成功" ); break ; } else { System.out.println("输入的ID重复,请重新输入" ); } } } public static void delete (ArrayList<Student> list) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("请输入要删除的id" ); int id = sc.nextInt(); int index = getIndex(list, id); if (index >= 0 ) { list.remove(index); System.out.println("id为" + id + "删除成功" ); } else { System.out.println("删除失败" ); } } public static void update (ArrayList<Student> list) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("请输入要修改的id" ); int id = sc.nextInt(); int index = getIndex(list, id); if (index >= 0 ) { System.out.println("请输入修改后的姓名:" ); String name = sc.next(); System.out.println("请输入修改后的年龄" ); Integer age = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println("请输入修改的地址" ); String address = sc.next(); list.set(index, new Student (id, name, age, address)); System.out.println("修改成功" ); } else { System.out.println("修改的ID不存在" ); } } public static void queryStudent (ArrayList<Student> list) { if (list.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("当前暂无学生信息,请添加后在进行查询" ); } else { System.out.println("id\t姓名\t年龄\t家庭住址" ); for (Student student : list) { Integer id = student.getId(); String name = student.getName(); Integer age = student.getAge(); String address = student.getAddress(); System.out.println(id + "\t" + name + "\t" + age + "\t" + address); } } } public static boolean verify (ArrayList<Student> list, Integer id) { return getIndex(list, id) >= 0 ; } public static int getIndex (ArrayList<Student> list, Integer id) { for (int i = 0 ; i < list.size(); i++) { if (list.get(i).getId().equals(id)) { return i; } } return -1 ; } }
学生管理系统升级版 需求: 为学生管理系统书写一个登陆、注册、忘记密码的功能。
只有用户登录成功之后,才能进入到学生管理系统中进行增删改查操作。
分析: 登录界面: 1 2 System.out.println("欢迎来到学生管理系统" ); System.out.println("请选择操作1登录 2注册 3忘记密码" );
用户类 属性:用户名、密码、身份证号码、手机号码
注册功能: 1.用户名需要满足以下要求: 验证要求:
用户名唯一
用户名长度必须在3~15位之间
只能是字母加数字的组合,但是不能是纯数字
2.密码键盘输入两次,两次一致才可以进行注册。
3.身份证号码需要验证。 验证要求:
长度为18位
不能以0为开头
前17位,必须都是数字 -最为一位可以是数字,也可以是大写X或小写x
4,手机号验证。 验证要求:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 package cn.edu.wic.Demo4.pojo;public class User { private String username; private String password; private String id; private String phone; public User () { } public User (String username, String password, String id, String phone) { this .username = username; this .password = password; this .id = id; this .phone = phone; } public String getUsername () { return username; } public void setUsername (String username) { this .username = username; } public String getPassword () { return password; } public void setPassword (String password) { this .password = password; } public String getId () { return id; } public void setId (String id) { this .id = id; } public String getPhone () { return phone; } public void setPhone (String phone) { this .phone = phone; } @Override public String toString () { return "User{" + "username='" + username + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + ", id='" + id + '\'' + ", phone='" + phone + '\'' + '}' ; } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 package cn.edu.wic.Demo4;import cn.edu.wic.Demo3.pojo.Student;import cn.edu.wic.Demo4.pojo.User;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Random;import java.util.Scanner;public class StudentMangerUpdateSystem { public static void main (String[] args) { ArrayList<User> users = new ArrayList <>(); Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("欢迎来到学生管理系统" ); flag: while (true ) { System.out.println("请选择操作1登录 2注册 3忘记密码" ); int choose = sc.nextInt(); if (choose > 0 && choose < 4 ) { switch (choose) { case 1 : login(users); ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList <>(); flag2: while (true ) { System.out.println("----------欢迎来到学生管理系统----------" ); System.out.println("1:添加学生" ); System.out.println("2:删除学生" ); System.out.println("3:修改学生" ); System.out.println("4:查询学生" ); System.out.println("5:退出" ); System.out.println("请输入您的选择:" ); int options = sc.nextInt(); if (options > 0 && options < 6 ) { switch (options) { case 1 : add(list); break ; case 2 : delete(list); break ; case 3 : update(list); break ; case 4 : queryStudent(list); break ; case 5 : System.out.println("退出" ); break flag2; default : System.out.println("输入值有误" ); break ; } } } break ; case 2 : if (register(users)) { System.out.println("创建成功" ); } break ; case 3 : forgotPassword(users); break ; } } } } public static boolean forgotPassword (ArrayList<User> users) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); String username = sc.next(); int index = getIndex(users, username); if (index < 0 ) { System.out.println("用户名不存在,请先注册" ); } else { while (true ) { System.out.println("请输入身份证号" ); String id = sc.next(); System.out.println("请输入手机号" ); String phone = sc.next(); if (forgotPasswordVerification(users, phone, id, index)) { System.out.println("身份验证通过" ); System.out.println("请输入修改的新密码" ); String newPassword = sc.next(); users.get(index).setPassword(newPassword); System.out.println("密码修改成功" ); return true ; } else { System.out.println("输入的身份证号或手机号有误 请重新输入" ); } } } return false ; } public static boolean login (ArrayList<User> users) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); String username = sc.next(); int index = getIndex(users, username); boolean flag = false ; if (index < 0 ) { System.out.println("用户名不存在,请先注册" ); } else { while (true ) { String captcha = captchaGeneration(); System.out.println("您当前的验证码为:" + captcha); System.out.println("请输入密码:" ); String password = sc.next(); System.out.println("请输入验证码:" ); String captchaConfirm = sc.next(); if (passwordVerification(users, password, index) && captcha.equals(captchaConfirm)) { System.out.println("登录成功" ); flag = true ; break ; } } } return flag; } public static boolean register (ArrayList<User> users) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); String username; String password; String repeatPassword; String resultPassword; String phone; String id; while (true ) { System.out.println("请输入用户名:" ); username = sc.next(); if (usernameValidation(users, username)) { System.out.println("用户名输入无误" ); break ; } else { System.out.println("用户名有误,请重新输入:" ); } } while (true ) { System.out.println("请输入密码" ); password = sc.next(); System.out.println("请再次输入密码" ); repeatPassword = sc.next(); if (passwordDuplicateConfirmation(password, repeatPassword)) { resultPassword = password; System.out.println("密码输入无误" ); break ; } else { System.out.println("两次密码输入不一致,请重新输入" ); } } while (true ) { System.out.println("请输入身份证号" ); id = sc.next(); if (idValidation(id)) { System.out.println("身份证输入无误" ); break ; } else { System.out.println("身份证输入错误" ); } } while (true ) { System.out.println("请输入手机号" ); phone = sc.next(); if (phoneValidation(phone)) { System.out.println("手机号输入无误" ); break ; } else { System.out.println("请重新输入手机号" ); } } return users.add(new User (username, resultPassword, id, phone)); } public static boolean forgotPasswordVerification (ArrayList<User> users, String phone, String id, int index) { if (users.get(index).getPhone().equals(phone) && users.get(index).getId().equals(id)) { return true ; } return false ; } public static boolean passwordVerification (ArrayList<User> users, String password, int index) { return users.get(index).getPassword().equals(password); } public static boolean phoneValidation (String phoneNumber) { if (phoneNumber.length() == 11 ) { for (int i = 0 ; i < phoneNumber.length(); i++) { char c = phoneNumber.charAt(i); if (c >= '0' && c <= '9' ) { return true ; } } } else { return false ; } return false ; } public static boolean idValidation (String id) { if (id.length() == 18 ) { } else { return false ; } if (id.charAt(0 ) != '0' ) { } else { return false ; } for (int i = 0 ; i < id.length() - 1 ; i++) { char c = id.charAt(i); if (c >= '0' && c <= '9' ) { char ch = id.charAt(id.length() - 1 ); if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9' || ch == 'x' || ch == 'X' ) { return true ; } } else { return false ; } } return false ; } public static boolean passwordDuplicateConfirmation (String str1, String str2) { return str1.equals(str2); } public static boolean usernameValidation (ArrayList<User> users, String username) { int charCount = 0 ; int numberCount = 0 ; int index = getIndex(users, username); if (index == -1 ) { if (username.length() >= 3 && username.length() < 16 ) { for (int i = 0 ; i < username.length(); i++) { char c = username.charAt(i); if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) { charCount++; } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9' ) { numberCount++; } else { return false ; } } } if (charCount > 0 && numberCount > 0 && numberCount < username.length()) { return true ; } } else { return false ; } return false ; } public static int getIndex (ArrayList<User> users, String str) { for (int i = 0 ; i < users.size(); i++) { if (users.get(i).getUsername().equals(str)) { return i; } } return -1 ; } public static String captchaGeneration () { char [] arr = new char [52 ]; for (int i = 0 ; i < 26 ; i++) { arr[i] = (char ) ('a' + i); } int temp = 0 ; for (int i = 26 ; i < arr.length; i++) { arr[i] = (char ) ('A' + temp); temp++; } StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder (); Random r = new Random (); int randomNumber = 0 ; int i = 0 ; while (i < 4 ) { randomNumber = r.nextInt(arr.length); builder.append(arr[randomNumber]); i++; } builder.append(r.nextInt(10 )); char temporary; String value = builder.toString(); char [] array = value.toCharArray(); randomNumber = r.nextInt(array.length - 1 ); temporary = array[randomNumber]; array[randomNumber] = array[array.length - 1 ]; array[array.length - 1 ] = temporary; String result = new String (array); return result; } public static void add (ArrayList<Student> list) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); while (true ) { System.out.println("输入用户ID" ); int id = sc.nextInt(); if (!verify(list, id)) { System.out.println("输入姓名" ); String name = sc.next(); System.out.println("输入年龄" ); int age = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println("输入地址" ); String address = sc.next(); list.add(new Student (id, name, age, address)); System.out.println("添加成功" ); break ; } else { System.out.println("输入的ID重复,请重新输入" ); } } } public static void delete (ArrayList<Student> list) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("请输入要删除的id" ); int id = sc.nextInt(); int index = getIndex(list, id); if (index >= 0 ) { list.remove(index); System.out.println("id为" + id + "删除成功" ); } else { System.out.println("删除失败" ); } } public static void update (ArrayList<Student> list) { Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.println("请输入要修改的id" ); int id = sc.nextInt(); int index = getIndex(list, id); if (index >= 0 ) { System.out.println("请输入修改后的姓名:" ); String name = sc.next(); System.out.println("请输入修改后的年龄" ); Integer age = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println("请输入修改的地址" ); String address = sc.next(); list.set(index, new Student (id, name, age, address)); System.out.println("修改成功" ); } else { System.out.println("修改的ID不存在" ); } } public static void queryStudent (ArrayList<Student> list) { if (list.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("当前暂无学生信息,请添加后在进行查询" ); } else { System.out.println("id\t姓名\t年龄\t家庭住址" ); for (Student student : list) { Integer id = student.getId(); String name = student.getName(); Integer age = student.getAge(); String address = student.getAddress(); System.out.println(id + "\t" + name + "\t" + age + "\t" + address); } } } public static boolean verify (ArrayList<Student> list, Integer id) { return getIndex(list, id) >= 0 ; } public static int getIndex (ArrayList<Student> list, Integer id) { for (int i = 0 ; i < list.size(); i++) { if (list.get(i).getId().equals(id)) { return i; } } return -1 ; } }